How environmental toxins and pollution affect our health, by Medshield

The air we breathe

Air pollution is a significant environmental health risk caused mainly by vehicle emissions, industrial processes, power generation, and residential heating. Air pollutants can cause respiratory diseases like asthma and bronchitis and increase the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular problems. Certain air pollutants, like benzene and formaldehyde, are known carcinogens, increasing the risk of lung cancer. Air pollution may also affect brain health, potentially leading to cognitive decline, developmental delays, and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease.

The water we drink

Water pollution, caused by industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, sewage, and improper chemical disposal, can lead to health issues such as gastrointestinal diseases like cholera, dysentery, and gastroenteritis. Heavy metals and chemicals can leach into water sources, causing long-term health issues like kidney damage, neurological disorders, and developmental problems in children. Endocrine disruptors in polluted water can interfere with hormonal functions, affecting reproductive health and developmental issues in fetuses and children.

The Vaal River, a significant water source in South Africa, has faced severe pollution challenges in recent years. Industrial waste, sewage leaks, and agricultural runoff have contaminated the river, affecting the communities' health. Residents have reported increased cases of gastrointestinal diseases, skin rashes, and other health problems. The Vaal River crisis requires stringent water quality regulations and effective pollution control measures.

The soil beneath our feet

Soil pollution, often overlooked but dangerous, is caused by industrial activities, agricultural practices, and improper waste disposal. It can lead to food contamination, causing chronic illnesses and developmental issues in humans and animals. Direct contact risks occur when people working with contaminated soil absorb toxins through their skin or inhale contaminated dust. Groundwater contamination occurs when pollutants leach into groundwater, affecting drinking water supplies and causing health issues. Overall, soil pollution poses significant health risks.

Some of South Africa's old mines, which were inappropriately closed, may pose a health risk due to elevated levels of toxic elements in the surrounding areas. A study analysed soil from the Edendale lead mine property in Mamelodi Extension 11, which was suspected to be contaminated with lead. The soil was screened for zinc and lead using a field-portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the results showed three anomalies with high concentrations, possibly due to more dumping or waste from the old mine. This type of pollution can pose severe health risks to residents. High blood lead levels often lead to cognitive impairments, developmental delays, and other health issues, especially in children.

The hidden dangers at home

Indoor pollution is a significant concern, as everyday products and activities can introduce toxins into homes, affecting air quality and health. Common indoor toxins include pesticides, gasoline, fuels, mould, and asbestosis, which can cause respiratory irritation, asthma, headaches, and long-term health issues.

In South Africa, many older buildings contain asbestos materials. As these buildings age and deteriorate, asbestos fibres can be released into the air, posing a significant health risk. There have been numerous cases of mesothelioma and other asbestos-related diseases among residents and workers exposed to asbestos in these environments.

Practical steps and solutions to protect your health

Medshield Medical Scheme provides members with comprehensive health screenings to identify potential issues early, allowing timely intervention. We also offer specialist consultations for severe health conditions linked to environmental toxins, including pulmonologists, cardiologists, and oncologists, offering advanced diagnostic and treatment options. Medshield emphasises preventive care and wellness but do have chronic disease management programmes and benefits for asthma or cardiovascular diseases available.In cases of acute poisoning or severe exposure, Medshield ensures access to emergency medical services, as well as mental health support services, to help members cope with stress and anxiety related to environmental health concerns.

While Medshield provides robust support, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their exposure to environmental toxins:

• Stay informed: Stay updated with local environmental reports and understand the potential risks in your area.
  
• Use water filters: Use appropriate filtration systems to ensure your drinking water is contaminant-free.
  
• Choose clean products: Use eco-friendly and non-toxic household and personal care products.
  
• Improve indoor air quality: Use air purifiers, avoid smoking indoors, and ensure proper ventilation in your home.
  
• Advocate for clean environments: Support policies and initiatives to reduce pollution and promote environmental health.

As consumers, we can safeguard ourselves by limiting our exposure to environmental toxins where possible, and we can ensure that we have a trustworthy healthcare partner on hand that will cover the healthcare costs if we are exposed. Act today to safeguard your health and the health of your family.