5 practices to improve doctor-patient relationships

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That isn’t good for patients — or for clinicians who are feeling increasingly disconnected from the reasons they got into medicine.

In a researchers explain that their goal was to identify evidence-based measures that clinicians can take to be fully engaged with patients and understand their perspectives, life circumstances and priorities. Ultimately, researchers wanted to generate a brief list of highly effective practices that clinicians could easily incorporate into their interactions with patients.

They make five evidence-based recommendations:

• Prepare with intention:Familiarise yourself with the patient you are about to meet; create a ritual to focus your attention before a visit.
• Listen intently and completely: Sit down, lean forward and position yourself to listen; don’t interrupt; your patient is your most valuable source of information.
• Agree on what matters most: Find out what your patient cares about and incorporate these priorities into the visit agenda.
• Connect with the patient’s story: Consider the circumstances that influence your patient’s health; acknowledge your patient’s efforts, and celebrate successes.
• Explore emotional cues: Tune in, notice, name and validate your patient’s emotions to become a trusted partner.

The research was conducted in conjunction with Presence, The objective of the research project was to revise the critical moment when physicians and patients meet, shifting the emphasis from institutional procedure to an interaction focused on meaningful human interaction.

“We were looking for practices that would improve the experience of patients and lead to better care for them, but would also improve the experience of clinicians and help them to rediscover the joy of medicine,” said Donna Zulman, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford University and the director of Stanford Presence 5.

“As physicians, we are privileged to work with people in their most vulnerable moments. And in today’s climate, particularly in primary care, it’s easy to lose sight of that with all of the administrative demands, time pressures and technology distractions.”

Identifying strategies

The Presence 5 practices, as they are known, were identified through a systematic review of 73 studies of interpersonal interventions published between January 1997 and August 2017, as well as through observations of clinician-patient encounters, and interviews with clinicians and patients at Stanford internal medicine and family medicine clinics, the Ravenswood Family Health Center in East Palo Alto and the Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System. The team also interviewed professionals outside the field of medicine to learn about cross-cutting themes related to clinician presence and human connection.The published studies were analyzed to measure how interventions improved health outcomes, costs and patient and physician experiences. The interviews and observations provided insights into best practices at the clinical level.

The information researchers gleaned from the studies, interviews and observations generated 31 ideas for practices physicians could implement, which were reviewed, rated and culled to five with input from a group of experts: physicians, researchers, a patient advocate, a caregiver advocate and health care leaders.

Zulman said the team’s next step is to evaluate how using the five practices affects the experiences of patients and clinicians, with new research being conducted at Stanford primary care clinics, the MayView Community Health Center in Mountain View and the San Jose VA Clinic, which is part of the VA Palo Alto Health Care System.

Researchers are holding workshops to share their findings, as well as developing a curriculum for training medical students and residents. The team is also working to validate their findings with international collaborators and to determine whether the practices can be adapted for different clinical settings and models.

Systematic change is needed

Zulman said the researchers see the Presence 5 measures as just one step to address frustrations with modern-day medicine.

“While we might not be able to change the system overnight, our study suggests there are some concrete, evidence-based strategies that we, as physicians, can use that will help preserve and foster the connections that are most healing for patients and for us as physicians,” she said.