Case details
The vendor, Respublica, owned an immovable property, which it leased to the Tshwane University of Technology.
The property consisted of several units, each with a bedroom, living area, bathroom and kitchen. In addition to leasing the property to the university, the vendor supplied water, electricity, maintenance, building management, a common television area and laundry services. An amount for utilities was included in the monthly rentals charged to the University.
The university used the property for accommodating students during the academic year. The lease agreement allowed the University to accommodate persons other than the regular students during break periods.
The Vendor applied to the High Court for a declaratory order to the effect that:
SARS opposed the vendor’s application on the basis that the High Court did not have the necessary jurisdiction to hear the matter, and that the vendor had to proceed in terms of the procedures set out in the Tax Administration Act (TAA).
However, the court held that the TAA did not oust the High Court’s jurisdiction because:
SARS also opposed the Vendor’s application on the basis that the supply made by the Vendor in terms of the lease agreement did not constitute ‘commercial accommodation’ as defined in the VAT Act.
The term ‘commercial accommodation’ is defined in s1 of the VAT Act as follows:
lodging or board and lodging, together with domestic goods and services, in any house, flat, apartment, room, hotel, motel, inn, guesthouse, boarding house, residential establishment, holiday accommodation unit, chalet, tent, caravan, camping site, houseboat, or similar establishment, which is regularly or systematically supplied and where the total annual receipts from the supply thereof exceeds R60 000 in a period of 12 months or is reasonably expected to exceed that amount in a period of 12 months but excluding a dwelling supplied in terms of an agreement for the letting and hiring thereof.
The term ‘domestic goods and services’ is defined as:
goods and services provided in any enterprise supplying commercial accommodation, including:
While it was common cause between the parties that the vendor supplied ‘domestic goods and services’, together with the property in terms of the lease, SARS disputed the fact that the vendor supplied ‘lodging’ to the university.
Essentially, the argument was that the university was not a natural person and could not ‘lodge’ in the building. In addition, there was no legal connection between the vendor and the students who would ultimately lodge in the units. The university was merely a tenant.
SARS also argued that the word ‘lodging’ refers to temporary accommodation, and since the lease in question was for a period of five years, the lease could not be regarded as the supply of ‘lodging’.
The Vendor argued that the students were integral to the lease agreement and that the university leased the property primarily for their lodging. In addition, the students were only temporarily accommodated in the premises because they vacated the premises during break periods.
The court agreed with the Vendor and held that the supply by the Vendor in terms of the lease agreement did constitute a supply of ‘commercial accommodation’ because:
In coming to this conclusion, the court clearly preferred a purposive approach in its interpretation of the words in the definition of ‘commercial accommodation’ as opposed to a restrictive literal approach.
Unfortunately the court did not consider the exclusion that applies in respect of the supply of “a dwelling supplied in terms of an agreement for the letting and hiring thereof”, which supply generally constitutes an exempt supply in terms of s12(c) of the VAT Act.
In practice, buildings are often leased to educational institutions for purposes of student accommodation on the basis that the supply constitutes an exempt supply of a dwelling. Based on this decision, property owners leasing such buildings to educational institutions may have to reconsider whether they are making an exempt supply of a dwelling or a taxable supply of commercial accommodation.
Section 10(10) of the VAT Act provides that:
Where domestic goods and services are supplied at an all-inclusive charge in any enterprise supplying commercial accommodation for an unbroken period exceeding 28 days, the consideration in money is deemed to be 60 per cent of the all-inclusive charge.
In respect of the application of s10(10) to the consideration payable in respect of the lease agreement, SARS argued that the monthly rental did not constitute an ‘all-inclusive charge’ because the amounts in respect of the utilities were paid separately from the rentals.
After considering the relevant lease agreement, the court held that the agreement clearly stipulated that the amounts payable for utilities were intended to form part of an all-inclusive charge. Since the court had already held that the supply by the vendor to the university constituted the supply of ‘commercial accommodation’, and since the period of the supply exceeded 28 days, the court held that s10(10) of the VAT Act was applicable.
Accordingly, the vendor only had to account for VAT in respect of 60% of the actual consideration for the supply in terms of the lease agreement. The court did not make any order as to costs.
