Nkosinathi Msweli’s sugar cane farm in KwaDukuza, a rural region on South Africa's eastern coast, has been a stable, small-scale success for three decades, employing eight full-time staff and 30 seasonal workers.
But cheap sugar imports were already cutting into his earnings when U.S. President Donald Trump imposed a 30% tariff on South African sugar exports, creating what Msweli calls a "double whammy."
"All in all, I will have to cut about 20 workers from this current season," he told Reuters. "The person that is here in the field maybe has 10 lives that he's supporting."
South Africa’s sugar industry is valued at roughly R25bn ($1.42bn) and supports over 300,000 jobs directly and indirectly. Yet the sector is struggling to compete with low-cost imports from neighbours like Eswatini, which benefit from preferential trade access, and with global oversupply from countries including India and Brazil.
Trump’s tariffs hit South Africa’s exports to the U.S., which had previously benefited from a duty-free quota of 24,000 metric tonnes under the African Growth and Opportunities Act. While this represents only around 5% of total exports, the U.S. market has historically offered higher prices and supported domestic employment.
The South African Cane Growers’ Association is urging the government to negotiate a trade deal with Washington to protect exports and jobs.
"If we don't have good trade relationships with the U.S., it's going to be detrimental, not just to our sector, but to many others as well," said Pratish Sharma, a member of the association’s board.
Any trade deal, if it comes, is unlikely to affect this season. For farmers like Msweli, the immediate impact is clear: job cuts and reduced income.
"All this is going to cause starvation and hunger," he said.
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