#StartupFunding101: Zachariah George talks early-stage funding in SA

Could you take us through the funding stages of starting a business? (levels of seed funding, early stage funding, etc.)

Typical stages of funding in the VC industry:

• Pre-Seed – typically at MVP but pre-revenue
  
• Seed Stage – some proof of concepts (“PoCs”) and/or pilots in place, could be pre-revenue still or barely post revenue
  
• Growth Stage – Series A and B
  
• Later Stage – Series C and beyond

Associated typical funding sources with each stage:

• Pre-Seed – founders, friends, family, angels
  
• Seed Stage – Angels, accelerators, venture capitalists
  
• Growth Stage – Venture capitalists, Super Angels
  
• Later Stage – Venture capitalists, some early-stage PE

How should entrepreneurs approach the funding process?

Always first focus on getting your product-market fit right, and secondly the problem-solution fit. Once those two aspects are understood, things become a lot easier.

Investors have a high degree of confidence in founders who understand their addressable market exceptionally well.

Often, way too little time is spent by founding teams on thoroughly assessing the size of their market, competitive forces, and industry dynamic. Thorough market research (or lack thereof) is where most founders lose out on investor confidence.

Secondly, founders don’t do much homework at all on their investors, their mandates or what their current existing portfolio looks like. Good funds often look at synergies within their portfolio companies, and this is an attribute that a lot of founders rarely take note of.

Lastly, founders should always be looking to learn and get advice from industry, sector and regional experts. The learning process in the entrepreneurial space is never-ending.

Ask for advice, and you will often get funding, ask for funding, and you may get advice.

Read my article 10 Ways in which a VC Fund Manager can truly create value for their portfolio companies.

From an investor perspective, what do investors look for in a startup before offering them funding of any sort?

It’s hard to speak on behalf of all investors. So I will not attempt to do so. However, these are five broad categories that I look for as an angel investor and venture capitalist.

1. Team (Preference is for founders with a prior entrepreneurial track record)
   
2. Traction (Preference given to ventures that already have pilots and/or proof-of-concepts signed up with major corporations, i.e. B2B or B2B2C plays with a clear distribution channel.
   
3. Total Addressable Market (Ability to scale outside their home market within two years or after Series A. TAM of a minimum $100m by Year 5)
   
4. Technology (Unique technology with I.P. preferably housed in the US, UK, Singapore, Mauritius or other investor-friendly jurisdictions)
   
5. Timing (Evidence of not being the very first to market and preferably having learnt from the mistakes of other similar startups)