The globalisation of the African continent
It is expected that, by 2020, the amount of digital information in existence will have grown from 3.2 zettabytes today to 40 zettabytes. Every minute we send 204 million emails, generate 1.8 million Facebook likes, send 278,000 tweets and upload 200,000 photos to Facebook.
Coupled to this, cellular phones are now even more accessible to the general population than they ever have been, with 17.9% of rural households in South Africa alone accessing the internet from mobile devices and 30.8% of South African households using mobile devices to access the internet, according to Statistics South Africa's General Household Survey report published in June 2014.
The sheer size of the African continent, coupled with the fact that sub-Saharan Africa's population is rising faster than the rest of the world (Population Reference Bureau predicts that Africa's population will double to 2.4 billion by 2050) means that there are already several hundred million internet users who are demanding internet performance, and this number will rise at an inconceivable pace.
Better, smarter ways
Peter Greaves, Aurecon's Expertise Leader for Data & ICT Facilities, commented: "The impact of this is that telecom operators will have to find better, smarter ways to serve a data-hungry population throughout Africa. Corporations and governments are also becoming aware of the increased need for data centres and the fact that outsourcing these services allows them to focus on their core activities. Concerns about unreliable power and inadequate security can similarly be delegated to a dedicated third party that will guarantee the required uptime and data integrity."
He added: "While it's true that data centres can be remote, countries (especially African countries) need to start looking at more local solutions in order to ensure data sovereignty and efficient network performance. This demand will drive a significant data centre build-out in both East and West Africa over the next 20 years and now is the time to start reassessing the number of data centres in Africa, where they are located and how we can create scalable solutions to meet future data needs."
"There are many complexities involved with building data centres that become long-term assets. Creating long-term, dynamic, scalable data centres in Africa will require us to draw on the key lessons learned from around the globe as well as the knowledge from local experts in the field," believes Greaves.
Just some of the key considerations involved in creating long-term data centre assets are explored below.
Sustainably minded design
Data centres are significant users of energy and are estimated to consume some 2% of the world's energy. Today's data centre owners are placing a greater emphasis on the performance and even official rating of their centres.
In Africa, passive design measures that draw on the local climate to cool data centres can be employed in order to reduce cooling needs. Using free cool air at night to pass through the conditioning systems, or exploiting ground-source cooling are both mechanisms that can make a significant difference to the electricity that is needed to cool a data centre.
"Better performance translates into reduced operational costs, ultimately improving the overall competitiveness of a data centre," believes Greaves.
Site selection
Withstanding natural disasters and communication infrastructure is the key.
Critically, power outages at these centres can have a significant effect on business operations - compromising crucial business information, with severe consequences. In line with this, data centre site selection in Africa needs to take into account the likelihood of natural disaster conditions such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanos, heavy rain, high temperatures, fires, epidemics and floods. Modern data centres can be built and retrofitted to withstand natural disasters, but the overall impact of a natural disaster still needs to be considered during the site selection process.
In addition, data centres need to have significant communications infrastructure from a variety of sources in order to minimise the risk of interruptions and failure, which could have a major impact on a service provider's customers. Bandwidth availability and the distance of existing IT infrastructure from data centres, such as marine IT links, needs to be planned to ensure new data centres are efficient and economically viable.
Skilled data centre operators
The people who manage and work in data centres need more than IT skills. A successful data centre requires a culmination of IT, facilities, data security and storage skills, to name but a few. There are also a number of compliance and regularity concerns that need to be adhered to and the right people, with the right skills, are needed for these critical positions.
Aurecon has been involved in data centres for over 15 years, including forming part of the project teams on some of the largest data centres around the world. This international experience, coupled with our local engineering experience of conditions throughout Africa, means that we have the skills to avoid the pitfalls that many other countries have seen when planning and building new data centres. Its team of over 500 building specialists as well as its local know-how ensures that it is able to adapt international best practice to produce local excellence locally.
"The increasing demand for data centres in Africa will lead to an inspiring, large-scale build of data centres and usher in a digital revolution in Africa," believes Greaves.
"Done right, the evolution and expansion of data centres will enable the globalisation of the African continent. If these are situated close to reliable, expandable data links linking the population of Africa to all parts of the world in real time, they will accelerate learning, promote ease of business and allow African people as well as businesses to expand their knowledge and corporations. These are just some of the benefits that the continent can look forward to in the future if data centres are planned properly today."
