Used on patients with so-called non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the technique has been such a success that the team is now using it for colorectal, breast and brain cancer and are assessing it for leukaemia, they said. The goal is to identify specific genetic mutations that enable cells to divide and multiply unchecked.
The next step is to target these mutations with "smart drugs" that block the enzyme which enables the cells to proliferate. Tailored drugs are considered like a sniper's rifle, seeking out the type of rogue cell, as opposed to chemotherapy, which acts more like a scattergun.
"Choosing the right therapy can raise response rates [to drugs] in NSCLC patients from around 20-30% to 60-75% and may improve surival," said Lecia Sequist of Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, who co-led the research.
The test, called SNaPshot, looks for 50 mutation sites in 14 genes known to play a role in NSCLC. By fast-tracking traditional methods for amplifying and analysing gene samples, called polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the technique takes less than three weeks on average to get the results.
The investigators analysed tissue taken from 589 patients in a 14-month trial and found one or more mutations in just over half of the samples. Out of the 589 patients, there were 353 with advanced cancer. And in 170 of these, the doctors were able to pinpoint one or more genes that were troublemakers.
That discovery opened the way to having 78 patients gain targeted therapy. Sequist said this is the first time that such a wide net of faulty genes has been cast to create a genotype - or genetic profile - for use in cancer treatment.
"Our study is exciting because it demonstrates that indeed it is possible today to integrate testing for multiple genetic biomarkers into a busy clinic and steer patients toward personalised therapies," she said in a press release.
Genotyping is a fast-developing tool in preventive medicine, helping doctors to identify, for instance, women at risk of breast cancer. The trial is written up in a European cancer journal, Annals of Oncology.
Source: AFP
For more than two decades, I-Net Bridge has been one of South Africa’s preferred electronic providers of innovative solutions, data of the highest calibre, reliable platforms and excellent supporting systems. Our products include workstations, web applications and data feeds packaged with in-depth news and powerful analytical tools empowering clients to make meaningful decisions.
We pride ourselves on our wide variety of in-house skills, encompassing multiple platforms and applications. These skills enable us to not only function as a first class facility, but also design, implement and support all our client needs at a level that confirms I-Net Bridge a leader in its field.
Go to: http://www.inet.co.za
