Global food prices dip in December

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The FAO Food Price Index averaged 133.7 points in December, a 0.9% decline from November but still up 23.1% from December 2020. The index tracks monthly changes in the international prices of commonly-traded food commodities. Only the dairy sub-index posted a monthly rise in December.

For 2021 as a whole, averaging across the entire year, the food price index averaged 125.7 points, as much as 28.1% above the previous year.

"While normally high prices are expected to give way to increased production, the high cost of inputs, ongoing global pandemic and ever more uncertain climatic conditions leave little room for optimism about a return to more stable market conditions even in 2022," says Abdolreza Abbassian, FAO senior economist.

The cereal price index decreased 0.6% from November, as falling wheat export quotations amid improved supplies following southern hemisphere harvests more than offset firmer maize prices underpinned by strong demand and concerns over persistent dryness in Brazil. For the full year, however, the cereal price index reached its highest annual level since 2012 and averaged 27.% higher than in 2020, with maize up 44.1%, wheat up 31.3%, but rice down by 4.0%.

The vegetable oil price index declined 3.3% in December, with weaker quotations for palm oil and sunflower oil reflecting subdued global import demand that may be linked to concerns over the impact of rising Covid-19 cases. For 2021 as a whole, the vegetable oil price index reached an all-time high, increasing 65.8% from 2020.

The sugar price index decreased by 3.1% from November, reaching a five-month low, reflecting concerns over the possible impact of the Omicron Covid-19 variant on global demand as well as a weaker Brazilian Real and lower ethanol prices. For 2021 as a whole, the sugar price index rose 29.8% from the previous year to its highest level since 2016.

The meat price Index was broadly stable in December but over 2021 as a whole, the FAO Meat Price Index was 12.7% higher than in 2020.

The dairy price index was the only sub-index to increase in December, rising 1.8% from the previous month, as international quotations for butter and milk powders increased amid lower milk production in Western Europe and Oceania. Cheese prices declined marginally, reflecting a preference for Western Europe dairy producers. In 2021, the dairy price index averaged 16.9% higher than in 2020.