This secondary study incorporates the assimilation of key indicators from a number of credible studies across twelve African countries to determine a measure for the conduciveness of starting and operating a business as a Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) in the country in question. The twelve African countries covered are Botswana, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
After engaging in a robust research endeavour on the African SME landscape, key selected indicators were grouped and weighted in order to determine a measure for the conduciveness of starting and conducting business on the continent. Twelve African countries with sufficient available data were then ranked to indicate the most to the least conducive countries to start and manage an SME. This score was further benchmarked against countries outside of Africa (US, UK and France) to provide an indication of the measure compared to non-African, developed markets. The derived African country rankings are as follows:
The value of the report lies in the fact that it is a consolidated study that considers a holistic set of macro- and micro- environmental factors that are relevant to SMEs and may have a direct or indirect influence on the conduciveness of a particular country to accommodate SME startups, as well as their operations. It considers the macro-environment, SME environment, internet and mobile capacity, in addition to the infrastructure and logistics of each country in the study.
Mauritius, South Africa and Botswana are ranked in the top three of the twelve countries evaluated. These countries thus have the most favourable environments for SMEs to start and operate a business. The rankings of these countries can be attributed to a number of variables that were taken into account in the study.
Some of the variables discussed in the report are highlighted here, including internet- and mobile phone penetration, the overall ease of doing business, as well as infrastructure and logistics in each of these countries.
Mauritius' internet penetration (% of population) is at 39%, while there are 132 mobile cellular subscriptions per a hundred Mauritians. Internet and mobile penetration in South Africa is slightly higher, with a 51.5% internet penetration and 150 mobile cellular subscriptions for every hundred South Africans. Internet penetration in Botswana is at 15% of the population and the ratio of mobile cellular subscriptions to every hundred people in the country is 167:100.
According to the World Bank, it is relatively easy, overall, to do business in Mauritius, ranking 28th out of 189 economies measured; with South Africa ranking 43rd and Botswana 74th out of 189 economies measured. In terms of infrastructure and logistics, Mauritius ranked 115th out of a 160 countries on the World Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI), indicating a need to improve the country's infrastructure and logistics. South Africa ranked 34th out of 160 countries on the LPI, indicating relatively well-developed infrastructure and logistics, while Botswana ranked the lowest out of these three countries; 120th out of 160 countries measured.
Kenya, Nigeria and Ethiopia are among the lower-ranked countries in the Conduciveness of Starting and Conducting Business in Africa report. The findings pertaining to these countries are of particular interest, as they stand in contrast to their rankings amongst other African countries in terms of GDP growth. A clear distinction should therefore be made by investors and SMEs between the economic opportunity offered by a given country, and the actual conduciveness of the SME environment to unlock that potential.
Some of the variables in the study that influenced the ranking of these countries are discussed below.
The internet penetration (% of the population) in Kenya is at 47.3%, while there are 74 mobile cellular subscriptions for every hundred Kenyans. Surprisingly, Nigeria's internet penetration is at 39.7% of the population and there are reportedly only 78 mobile cellular subscriptions for every 100 Nigerians. The situation in Ethiopia seems rather dire in comparison, with only 1.9% of the population having access to the internet and only 32 mobile cellular subscriptions for every hundred Ethiopians.
According to the World Bank's LPI score, Kenya ranked 74th out of 160 countries for the state of their infrastructure and logistics; Nigeria ranked 75th, while Ethiopia ranked 104th out of 160 countries measured. Out of these three countries, it is reportedly the easiest, overall, to do business in Ethiopia, ranked 132nd out of 189 economies measured, while Kenya was ranked in 136th place and Nigeria in 170th place.
The aim of the study is to enable SMEs and investors to understand specific African countries' SME landscapes better and to provide valuable insights into how the gaps in each country's entrepreneurial ecosystem can be addressed.
