Governments are putting more effort into their social media communication and are including more visuals and videos in their tweets. Some, such as the @Elysee Palace, are regularly posting six-second Vine videos to summarise state visits or to cheer their national team, as the German Foreign Ministry did during the World Cup. A handful of leaders, including the Elysée Palace and the Kremlin, are also early adopters of Twitter's new livestreaming application, Periscope. Colombia's President Juan Manuel Santos has recently gone live on Periscope to announce the resumption of air raids against the FARC rebels.
The study analysed 669 government accounts in 166 countries and revealed that 86% of all 193 UN governments have a presence on Twitter. One hundred and seventy-two heads of state and government have personal Twitter accounts and only 27 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia-Pacific, do not have any Twitter presence.
"The study has become an essential gauge of the power and reach of social media," said Donald A. Baer, Worldwide Chair and CEO, Burson-Marsteller. "This fourth annual study provides critically valuable insights about the communications practices and needs of leaders around the world."
As of 24 March 2015, the five most followed world leaders were US President Barack Obama (@BarackObama) (57 million followers of the US president's campaign account), Pope Francis (@Pontifex) with 20 million followers on his nine different language accounts, India's Prime Minister @NarendraModi, Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan (@RT_Erdogan) and the @WhiteHouse.
However, the most followed world leaders follow few other peers, and they are hardly conversational. @BarackObama and the @WhiteHouse only follow four other world leaders, namely Norway's Erna Solberg, Russia's Dmitry Medvedev, the UK government and Estonia's Foreign Minister Keit Pentus.
While @BarackObama is the most followed world leader, he is also dwarfed in terms of retweets per tweet by Pope Francis, who averages almost 10,000 retweets for each tweet sent on his Spanish account, against 1,210 for each tweet sent by @BarackObama.
European foreign ministers also use Twitter to establish mutual connections, creating a virtual diplomatic network. French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius (@LaurentFabius) is the best-connected foreign minister, mutually connected to 100 peers. Russia's Foreign Ministry is in second position maintaining mutual Twitter relations with 93 other world leaders. The Foreign Ministry in Paris is in third place with 90 mutual connections. These mutual connections among foreign ministers allow for private conversations via direct messages on Twitter.
"This study illustrates that governments are becoming savvier and more professional in the use of social media," said Jeremy Galbraith, CEO of Burson-Marsteller Europe, Middle East and Africa and Global Chief Strategy Officer. "It is interesting to see how foreign ministries have honed their social strategies and built substantial dedicated teams to manage their online channels. We believe corporations can learn a lot from governments and their leaders on Twitter."
More than 4,100 embassies and ambassadors are now active on Twitter. In New York, Washington, London and Brussels, most diplomatic missions use Twitter to have a voice at the digital table. Canada, the EU, France, Israel, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, the UK and the US have put most of their embassies and missions on Twitter. The UK Foreign Office in London also encourages personal engagement by its ambassadors and it is virtually impossible to become a Foreign Office diplomat without using digital tools.
"It always amazes me how quickly governments adapt to the ever changing social media landscape," said Matthias Lüfkens, Burson-Marsteller's EMEA Digital Practice Leader and author of the report. "Some governments have become very professional at using Twitter's six second Vine videos and others are already going live on Periscope, Twitter's latest livestreaming application."
Other key findings
• Barack Obama was the first world leader to sign up to Twitter on 5 March 2007 (at the time as Senator Obama) as user #813,286. Mexican president Enrique Peña Nieto (@EPN), Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper (@PMHarper) and the US State Department @StateDept are among the early adopters, all having joined later in 2007.
• As of 24 March 2015, all world leaders combined have sent 2,653,876 tweets, posting on average four tweets each day. The Venezuelan presidency (@PresidencialVen) has sent close to 60,000 tweets, averaging more than 41 tweets each day.
• Mexico's President Enrique Peña Nieto @EPN is the most followed Latin American leader, slightly ahead of Colombia's President @JuanManSantos and Argentina's Cristina Fernández de Kirchner @CFKArgentina, with well over 3.6 million followers each. Brazil's Dilma Rousseff @dilmabr and Venezuela's @NicolasMaduro complete the Latin American top five, with 3.3 and 2.4 million followers respectively.
• The Mexican presidency (@PresidenciaMX) is the most prolific, posting on average 68 tweets each day. The Mexican governmental account (@gobrep) is not far behind with 60 tweets each day. Both institutions often repeat their tweets several times over several days to capture different audiences at different times.
• All 669 accounts combined have an audience of 212,283,753 followers. The median average number of followers is 14,207.
• Quite a few politicians use Twitter only during election campaigns. Indonesia's President Joko Widodo (@Jokowi_do2) abandoned his 2.7 million Twitter followers once elected in August 2014, as did Chile's President Michelle Bachelet @PrensaMichelle once elected on 11 March 2014.
• Rwanda's @PaulKagame has become Africa's most followed president with 842,260 followers ahead of Kenya's Uhuru Kenyatta (@UKenyatta). He is also the most conversational world leader with 86% of his tweets being @replies to other Twitter users.To access the complete analysis of these findings, go to http://twiplomacy.com.
