As in many areas of our excessively consumer-orientated lifestyles, we seldom stop to think about what water resources are used in the production of our food. For instance, whilst around 1500 litres of water is used in the production of one kilogram of wheat, 10 times that amount, or 15 000 litres of water, is used to produce one kilogram of beef. It takes a substantial amount of water to produce the food crops required to feed herds of farmed animals, as well as to process the produce from those animals, such as milk and cheese, and there is an ever-increasing demand for meat.
Other factors in farming, which eventually impact on water supply, are contamination in the form of chemical pesticides, for example, which are often overused, and farming's contribution to the problem of climate change especially in respect of damaging greenhouse gases. Climate change has far-reaching effects in weather extremes, such as severe drought or flooding - especially in certain ecologically sensitive areas.
The United Nations (UN) has decided to focus on the theme of Water and Food Security for World Water Day this year, a theme wholeheartedly endorsed by the IWMSA.
There is a huge demand to feed the 7 billion people that currently inhabit planet Earth and with another 2 billion set to join us by 2050, the demand for food will, of necessity, spiral upwards at an alarming rate. The presently frightening scenario is that famine-stricken countries and starving people notwithstanding, around 30 percent - or almost one-third - of the world's food production is consigned to waste. Many factors contribute to this loss, including loss at source or in transportation from the fields, as well as ultimately, and far too often, the end consumer who is wasteful as a result of not being aware of the processes required to produce their consumables.
So how can we help? We simply have to cut back on our excessive food waste by changing our attitudes as consumers and becoming more aware of cause and effect. We need to pay attention to how and what we consume, make better food choices and avoid wastage at all cost. Commercially, crop diversity and integrated farming methods need to be explored. One such fascinating example is the integration of rice and fish farming in the paddy fields of Asia, which is proving extremely effective on a number of levels. All possible options need to be explored in a bid to sustain us into the future.
