How PowerPoint downed the space shuttle

This is the slide:

click to enlarge

These are the cognitive traps:

1. Festival of bureaucracy

   There are five different levels to this slide (counting the headline). The first three sentences are all in big print and tell you not to worry. Read further down, and you should worry - big time. By the way, SOFI means foam (or for the tech-heads: Spray On Foam Insulation). The word ‘Crater' refers to the model they were using to evaluate how bad the foam strike was.

2. Conclusion as headline

   We often want to get to the bottom line. PowerPoint is the opposite - it allows us to present a conclusion as a headline, reducing the motivation to follow the details of the story. The headline says everything is OK. The content says otherwise.

3. Choice of words

   The word ‘significant/ly' appears five times. But read down the slide, and ‘significant' changes from describing a conservative outcome to a disastrous one. But the one that comes first sets the tone in this busy world of ours.

4. Relevance

   If you read the last line, it tells you that all the data presented is irrelevant - it falls outside the scope of the Crater model.

5. Inconsistency

   The same unit for volume (cubic inches) is shown in a slightly different way each time. Things can get out of hand in aerospace engineering when things are inconsistent - such as crashing a US$250 million spacecraft into Mars because of a mix-up between metric and the old pounds-and-ounces system. Oops.

6. Shrinking away

   We tend to shorten sentences into ‘bullet points' for PowerPoint. Sometimes this results in a sentence only its mother could love. What the heck does “Initial penetration to described by normal velocity” mean? Why is it there?

When you get whacked on the side of the head, it's the fact that kinetic energy is velocity squared that hurts so much. In the same way, we can increase the energy of what we want to convey by using cognitive traps in presentations. However, lies are like shipping and handling costs - it will get you every time.

Reference: Edward Tufte. PowerPoint Does Rocket Science: Assessing the Quality and Credibility of Technical Reports. www.edwardtufte.com