The report, titled Revolution in the Driver's Seat: The Road to Autonomous Vehicles, has just been released. Revolution in the Driver's Seat extends BCG's ongoing research into the trends driving the development and likely adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs).
The new report elaborates on the technological and market evolutions that must occur for self-driving vehicles to become commercially viable. It also pinpoints key obstacles and provides a roadmap for the development of the AV market for the automotive industry, technology providers, and regulators.
"The auto industry is at its most significant inflection in a century," says Xavier Mosquet, a senior partner and managing director in BCG's Detroit office and a co-author of the report. "Self-driving vehicles will hit the road sooner than many people realise. And although the journey to market maturity will take 20 years or more, it's not too soon for auto executives, regulators, and all players in the transportation and tech spheres to start preparing for the sweeping changes on the horizon."
The age of the AV will arrive not all at once, but in stages. The first autonomous feature to become available will probably be the single-lane highway autopilot, with Tesla's planned introduction in mid-2015, followed by GM's version of the feature, called Super Cruise, which will appear in 2016 on an all-new Cadillac vehicle.
By 2017, AVs capable of traffic jam autopilot and autonomous valet parking should be on dealers' lots, followed by highway autopilot with lane changing in 2018. Vehicles capable of urban autopilot could be ready in 2022, paving the way for fully autonomous vehicles by 2025 - the year when Mercedes, for one, expects to debut its first full autonomous model.
But new entrants from the technology sector could accelerate that time-line and speed adoption - a possibility that underscores why it's so important for car makers to act now, while a significant new market is still theirs for the taking. Mass adoption of self-driving technology will carry with it tremendous economic benefits while disrupting business as usual for a wide variety of companies, including original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), mobility providers, and component makers.
But as Mosquet and his co-authors explain in the report, mass adoption will not occur until sensor technology and integration software are more fully developed, at a potential cost of roughly $1bn per OEM. Moreover, vehicles must be made secure from cyber attack, and uncertainty over liability must be resolved, social resistance overcome, and high-precision maps developed.
Assuming those conditions are satisfied, a huge market opportunity awaits. "Our survey of US drivers shows that more than 50% of consumers would likely buy a partially self-driving car, and more than 40% would buy a fully self-driving vehicle," says Lara Koslow, an Atlanta-based partner and global leader of BCG's Centre for Consumer and Customer Insight. "14% of survey respondents said they would pay more than $5,000 extra for highway autopilot and 17% said they would pay that much for multiple features, including urban autopilot and self-parking. Consumers in other markets, such as China, Germany, and Japan, would be willing to pay even more."
Yet despite their general enthusiasm for the AV concept, respondents expressed no clear preference for specific autonomous features. OEMs will therefore be challenged to decide which feature or features they should prioritise in their research and development. Judging from customers' stated willingness to pay, OEMs can achieve 25% market penetration with a favourable pricing strategy. A higher rate of penetration would require OEMs to reduce the cost of other inputs (such as interiors or power trains) or persuade consumers to pay a higher premium.
"OEMs should act now to capture this massive market opportunity," says Thomas Dauner, a senior partner in BCG's Stuttgart office, and a co-author of the report. "They should make investment in software their priority. Software accounts for almost 40% of the cost of autonomous features, which is nearly equal to the cost of the necessary hardware."
