According to SA's authorities on aerobiology, climate change will significantly increase the amount of pollen in the air (one of the most important triggers of hayfever) with average world temperatures forecast to rise 3°C to 4°C by 2050.
Heatwaves often leads to more GP consultations and sales of over-the-counter allergy remedies, including among people who never complain of it, who suddenly suffer because pollen levels are so high that their trigger point was reached. One can draw a very clear link between climate change and hayfever.
"Warmer temperatures allow trees to pollinate earlier and longer than usual. Spring in South Africa begins an average of 14 days earlier now than a few decades ago. This means that pollen-producing plants, such as flowers, trees, grasses and weeds have a much longer pollen-producing season than in the past," says Dr Levin.
Currently about 20% of the general population suffer from hayfever and the figure has been steadily increasing in recent years. The hayfever season is kick-started by trees pollinating from August until October. However grass pollen then takes over with its greatest peak from November to March. Many hayfever sufferers, however are likely to experience symptoms for up to nine months of the year in some areas, because of grasses pollinating at different times of the year.
Essential treatments for hayfever include antihistamines, which tends to be more effective if taken early on in the season. Dr Levin points out that saline eye and nose drops are highly effective in children and can be used up to six times a day, so is very safe.
"If using a decongestant, it should only be taken for a maximum of five to seven days, because one can get used to its effects and could end up with a persistently blocked nose. Sudden withdrawal after long-term use of decongestants can also cause severe rebound blockage. Another effective treatment includes nasal steroids, where the direction of the spray is very important. Always aim towards the back of the head and laterally towards the angle of the eye on the same side as the nostril," he says.
Cities will be most affected as warmer summers are predicted, which intensifies the effects of air pollution and can trigger allergies quickly in those who are susceptible. "Hayfever victims should avoid spending a lot of time outdoors, especially when pollen counts are high or when it's windy. After spending time outdoors change your clothes and wash your hair before going to bed," says Dr Levin.
